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Portland–Montreal Pipe Line
The Portland Montreal Pipe Line is a series of underground crude oil pipelines connecting South Portland, Maine, in the United States with Montreal, Quebec, in Canada.
==History==
The pipeline traces its history to the early years of World War II when oil shipments to Canada were severely disrupted by the ''Kriegsmarine'' during the Battle of the St. Lawrence and the larger Battle of the Atlantic. In order to safely transport oil to central Canada, a pipeline was proposed to connect the relatively secure Port of Portland in Maine with refineries in Montreal.
The marine terminal was built on the south side of the Fore River in the city of South Portland immediately downstream of the Portland Terminal Company's railroad bridge over the river. The pipeline route from Portland to Montreal was mostly built alongside the existing right of way for the Portland - Montreal rail line which was owned at that time by the Canadian National Railways (CNR) and called the CNR's Berlin Subdivision. This rail line was built in the 1850s by the Atlantic & St. Lawrence Railroad which was purchased by the Grand Trunk Railway shortly after completion. The Grand Trunk Railway encountered financial difficulties after World War I and the company was nationalized by the Government of Canada in 1923 with its properties merged into the CNR.
Construction of the original pipeline was finished in 1941, and the transportation of oil to Montreal began. The pipeline originally consisted of three separate pipes, which crossed through the same common right-of-way. Today only two pipes operate after they underwent renovation. The third and smallest pipe was decommissioned in 1982. Since it has been in service, the pipeline has pumped over of oil to Montreal refineries.〔(::Portland Montreal Pipe Line:: About us )〕 The pipeline is the primary reason that the Port of Portland is the largest volume oil port on the Eastern Seaboard, as more than 200 tankers deliver oil to the pipeline marine terminal annually.〔(Pipeline pondering flow change, Portland Press Herald )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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